LiDAR and 3D laser scanning are closely related but not identical terms. Understanding the distinction helps you specify the right technology for your project.
LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging)
LiDAR is a specific measurement technology that uses laser pulses to determine distance. It works by:
- Emitting a laser pulse toward a surface
- Measuring the time for the pulse to return
- Calculating distance based on the speed of light
LiDAR is used in:
- Terrestrial laser scanners (Trimble X12, FARO Focus, Leica RTC360) — tripod-mounted, used for buildings
- Aerial/drone LiDAR (Zenmuse L3, ROCK R3 Pro) — mounted on drones, used for terrain and large sites
- Mobile mapping systems (NavVis VLX3) — worn or carried, used for rapid large-area scanning
- Autonomous vehicles — for real-time navigation
- Satellite-based systems — for topographic mapping
3D Laser Scanning (Broader Term)
"3D laser scanning" is a broader term that encompasses any method of capturing 3D geometry using lasers. This includes LiDAR but also other laser-based approaches. In the AEC (architecture, engineering, construction) industry, "3D laser scanning" and "LiDAR scanning" are often used interchangeably when referring to terrestrial scanner surveys.
Other 3D Scanning Methods (Not LiDAR)
- Structured light scanning: Projects a light pattern onto a surface and measures distortion. Used for small objects and close-range scanning.
- Photogrammetry: Uses overlapping photographs to calculate 3D geometry. No laser involved — relies on visual feature matching.
- Time-of-flight cameras (depth sensors): Used in consumer devices like iPhone LiDAR and Matterport cameras. Lower accuracy than professional LiDAR.
Practical Distinction for AEC Projects
For building and construction projects, the practical distinction is:
- Terrestrial LiDAR = Tripod scanner for interior/exterior building documentation (±1-4mm accuracy)
- Aerial LiDAR = Drone-mounted scanner for terrain, roofs, and large sites (±2-3cm accuracy)
- Photogrammetry = Camera-based 3D capture, lower cost, lower accuracy for some applications
THE FUTURE 3D operates both terrestrial LiDAR (Trimble X12) and aerial LiDAR (Zenmuse L3, ROCK R3 Pro) to provide the right solution for every project type.