What is Photogrammetry?
How overlapping photographs transform into accurate 3D models, maps, and measurements.
Definition
Photogrammetry is the science of making measurements from photographs. By analyzing multiple overlapping images of an object or scene, photogrammetry software can calculate 3D coordinates and create accurate models, orthomosaics (map-like images), and point clouds. It's widely used in surveying, construction, and mapping.
How It Works
Photogrammetry works by identifying common points across multiple overlapping photos. The software calculates camera positions and then triangulates 3D coordinates for each matched point. Dense matching algorithms fill in millions of additional points, creating comprehensive 3D reconstructions.
- Photos captured with 60-80% overlap
- Software identifies tie points between images
- Camera positions calculated (bundle adjustment)
- Dense point cloud generated
- Mesh and texture applied for visualization
Drone Photogrammetry
Drones have revolutionized photogrammetry for mapping and surveying. Autonomous flight patterns ensure proper overlap. RTK/PPK positioning enables survey-grade accuracy. Outputs include orthomosaics, DEMs (Digital Elevation Models), and 3D models at centimeter-level precision.
Photogrammetry vs LiDAR
Both create point clouds, but they work differently. Photogrammetry needs good lighting and textured surfaces but produces color data. LiDAR works in any light and penetrates vegetation but costs more. Many projects combine both for optimal results.
Accuracy Considerations
Photogrammetry accuracy depends on camera quality, overlap, ground control points (GCPs), and processing settings. With RTK-enabled drones and proper GCPs, accuracies of 1-3cm are achievable. Without ground control, expect 3-10cm relative accuracy.
Key Takeaways
Photogrammetry creates 3D models from overlapping photographs
Drone photogrammetry enables efficient mapping and surveying
1-3cm accuracy achievable with RTK and ground control
Outputs include point clouds, orthomosaics, and 3D models
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